正常菌群对常见致病菌拮抗作用的研究

生物拮抗作用是微生物种群关系研究的一个侧面,实验中我们使用从皮肤上分离的常住菌——痤疮丙酸杆菌(A14-1)和表皮葡萄球菌(F65)对常见致病菌如金黄色葡萄球菌(C189)、绿脓杆菌(C8514)和埃希氏大肠杆菌(C1356)的体外拮抗试验表明,它们具有明显的拮抗作用,拮抗作用一般从48小时开始,72小时明显。而皮肤常住菌间无拮抗作用,相反它们还有协同作用,这对于皮肤的自净以及维持皮肤的微生态平衡具有重要的作用。此外,实验中还进行了乳杆菌和双歧杆菌等正常菌群分离株与上述常见致病菌的体外拮抗试验,结果表明也     

Target determination of neurotransmitter phenotype in sympathetic neurons

While the majority of sympathetic neurons are noradrenergic, a minority population are cholinergic. At least one population of cholinergic sympathetic neurons arises during development by a target-dependent conversion from an initial noradrenergic phenotype. Evidence for retrograde specification has been obtained from transplantation studies in which sympathetic neurons that normally express a noradrenergic phenotype throughout life were induced to innervate sweat glands, a target normally innervated by cholinergic sympathetic neurons. This was accomplished by transplanting footpad skin containing sweat gland primordia from early postnatal donor rats to the hairy skin region of host rats. The sympathetic neurons innervating the novel target decreased their expression of noradrenergif traints and developed choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity. In addition, many sweat gland-associated fibers acquired acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining and VIP immunoreactivity. These studies indicated that sympathetic neurons in vivo alter their neurotransmitter phenotype in response to novel envronmental signals and that sweat glands play a critical role in the cholinergic and peptidergic differentiation of the sympathetic neurons that innervate them. The sweat gland-derived cholinergic differentiation factor is distinct from leukemia inhibitory factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor, two well-characterized cytokines that alter the neurotransmitter properties of cultured sympathetic neurons in a similar fashion. Recent studies indicate that anterograde signalling is also important for the establishment of functional synapses in this system. We have found that the production of cholinergic differentiation activity by sweat glands required sympathetic innervation, and the acquisition and maintenance of secretory competence by sweat glands depends upon functional cholinergic innervation. 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

急性低氧对大鼠脑组织钙调素含量及其依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ活性的影响

本实验观察了活性钙调素（ＣａＭ）含量和ＣａＭ依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ（ＣａＭｋｉｎａｓｅⅡ）活性在急性低氧（模拟海拔７０００ｍ,５ｈ）和常氧对照大鼠脑子组织中的变化。用流式产胞仪（ＦＡＣＳ）所测两组动物脑皮层细胞的ＣａＭ,平均荧光强度分别为４０．０±４．９和４６．１±５．８,急性低氧组明显低于常氧对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;用同位素液闪计数法所测两组动物皮层脑匀浆提取液中ＣａＭｋｉｎａｓｅⅡ活性,分别为１８４．３±８．１和１９８．８±９．４ｐｍｏｌＰｉ·ｍｉｎ－１·ｍｇ－１ｐｒｏ,急性低氧组明显低于常氧对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示ＣａＭ和ＣａＭｋｉｎａｓｅⅡ对低氧较为敏感,急性低氧时中枢神经细胞结构或功能的紊乱可能与活性ＣａＭ的含量减少和ＣａＭｋｉｎａｓｅⅡ活性能下降有关。     

方程dx/dt=f(x(t-1))具有多个周期的周期解并蕴含浑沌的条件

本文给出了方程dx/dt=f(x(t-1))出现4/(2n 1),4/(2n-1),4/(2n-3),…,4/7,4/5,4/3,4一周期解并蕴含浑沌的一个条件。     

农田林网化地区近地面层廓线特征研究

大面积林网化地区近地面层大气的系留气球观测发现,近地面层大气的风、温、湿分为两层,即下边界层和扰动边界层,其厚度和廓线分布与理查逊数有关,在中性天气条件下均满足对数分布规律,边界层（特别是扰动边界层）内的摩擦速度Ｕ．＂与旷野对比点的摩擦速度Ｕ０增大１个数量级,而粗糙度Ｚ＂０增大２个数量级,甚至更大。     

醋酸钙复盐对微生物生长的影响

应用四醋酸钙对黑曲霉、黄曲霉、米曲霉、链格孢霉等霉菌和大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等细菌生长影响作了研究,并将四醋酸钙与醋酸钙、苯甲酸钠对上述微生物的生长抑制作用加以比较。0.4％四醋酸钙对上述细菌的生长有明显的抑制作用。对上述霉菌生长亦有一定的抑制作用。当其与苯甲酸钠协同使用时,能更明显地抑制微生物生长。实验结果表明四醋酸钙很可能是一种安全性高、成本低的新型食品防腐剂。     

新经济植物黑莓的引种

黑莓（Ｒｕｂｕｓｓｐｐ．）是第三代新兴的小果类果树之一。江苏省植物研究所于１９８６～１９８８年从美国引进了７个黑莓品种,从中选出适合江苏地区栽培的Ｈｕｌｌ,Ｃｈｅｓｔｅｒ,Ｂｌａｃｋｓａｔｉｎ３个品种,并已初步推广。田间试验对３个品种的发枝习性、开花结果习性和产量构成等进行比较。Ｈｕｌｌ单株产量最高,果实最大,ＢｌａｃｋＳａｔｉｎ单株产量最低,果实最小。但若种植密度适宜,３品种均能达到高产。     

几种沙漠地区野生药用植物资源及其引种栽培

几种沙漠地区野生药用植物资源及其引种栽培尹林克（中国科学院吐鲁番沙漠植物园,新疆吐鲁番８３８００８）Ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｏｆｓｅｖｅｒａｌｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆｗｉｌｄｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌｐｌａｎｔｓｉｎｄｅｓｅｒｔｒｅｇｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｉｎｔｒｏｄｕ...     

细胞培养物中污染支原体的去除

经小鼠体内、体外加用不同的抗菌素处理及克隆的方法处理细胞污染的支原体,三株细胞经两次、一株细胞经三次处理后,经培养法、ＤＮＡ染色法及ＰＣＲ法检查支原体污染均为阴性,并证明对其抗体分泌没有任何影响,不失为一个理想的去除支原体的方法,从而使有重要应用价值的支原体污染细胞的应用成为可能。     

中国桔园蜘蛛名录

报道我国柑桔园内蜘蛛资源调查结果,目前已发现的蜘蛛计有25科90属197种,是柑桔害虫的一类重要捕食性天敌。